welding methods
guide
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| welding methods | |
| GTAW / TIG (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) |
gas-shielded arc welding with a non-fusible tungsten electrode,
external gas arc-shield
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| PAW (Plasma Arc Welding) |
shielded arc welding in inert gas with a non-fusible tungsten electrode
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| GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) | arc welding with a continuous metal electrode, external gas arc-shield |
| MIG (Metal Inert Gas Welding) |
inert gas shielded arc welding with a fusible electrode
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| MAG (Metal Active Gas Welding) | active gas shielded arc welding with a fusible electrode |
| FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding) |
arc welding with powder wire, the arc is shielded with the flux contained in the wire, additional external gas shield provided,
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| LBW (Laser Beam Welding) | laser welding with a concentrated and coherent beam focused on the joint |
| SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) | shielded metal arc welding; the arc shield is obtained through decomposition of the electrode coating |
| SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) | wire arc welding, the arc is shielded with a cover of the flux bed |
| shielding gas selection | |||||
| welding method | plasma gas | weld root protecting gas | |||
| GTAW/TIG PAW |
Ar Ar + H2 (do 20%)(1) Ar + He (do 70%) Ar + He + H2(1) Ar + N2(2) |
Ar N2(2) N2 + 10% H2(1) |
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| GMAW MIG/MAG |
98% Ar + 2% O2 97% Ar + 3% CO2 95% Ar + 3% CO2 + 2% H2(1) 83% Ar + 15% He + 2% CO2 69% Ar + 30% He +1% O2 90% He + 7,5% Ar + 2,5 CO2 |
as for GTAW/TIG | |||
| FCAW |
no shield 97% Ar + 3% CO2 |
no shield as for GTAW/TIG |
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| LBW | He Ar |
as for GTAW/TIG | |||
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(1) gasses with a hydrogen content must not be used to weld ferretic, martensitic, or duplex-type stainless steel,
(2) to weld austenitic and duplex-type stainless steel with a nitrogen content
nitrogen can be added to the shielding gas
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| based on Euro Inox: ‘Welding of Stainless Steel’ | |||||
| proposed auxiliary welding materials for stainless and acid resistant steels | |||||||||
| 403/410S | 430Ti/439 | 304 | 304L | 321 | 316/316L | 316Ti | 904L | 310S | |
| 403/410S | 308L | 308L/309LMo | 309 | 309/309L | 309/309L | 309LMo | 309LMo | 904L | 309/310/312 |
| 430Ti/439 | 308L/309LMo | 308L/309LMo | 309 | 309L/309 | 309/309L | 309LMo | 309LMo | 904L | 309/310/312 |
| 304 | 309 | 309 | 308/308H | 308L/308/308H | 347/308/308H | 316L/308L/308/308H | 318/308/308H | 904L | 309L/309 |
| 304L | 309/309L | 309L/309 | 308L/308/308H | 308L | 347/308/308H | 316L/308L | 308L/318 | 904L | 309L/309 |
| 321 | 309/309L | 309/309L | 347/308/308H | 347/308/308H | 347 | 316L/347 | 318/347 | 904L | 309L |
| 316/316L | 309LMo | 309LMo | 316L/308L/308/308H | 316L/308L | 316L/347 | 316L/317L | 316L/317L/316/318 | 904L/316L | 309L/309 |
| 316Ti | 309LMo | 309LMo | 318/308/308H | 308L/318 | 318/347 | 316L/317L/316/318 | 318 | 904L/318 | 309L/309 |
| 904L | 904L | 904L | 904L | 904L | 904L | 904L/316L | 904L/318 | 904L | 309L/904L |
| 310S | 309/310/312 | 309/310/312 | 309L/309 | 309L/309 | 309L | 309L/309 | 309L/309 | 309L/904L | 310 |
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compiled based on the Outokumpu Steel Professional Tool
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This catalogue has been produced to the best of out knowledge and experience, and is intended to assist you. Be sure we have taken all care to be certain that the information provided is technically correct. Nevertheless, it cannot be deemed the binding standard or substantiate guarantee or indemnity claims.
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